BACKGROUND: Drawing on the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic and its sanitary measures on coping strategies for preserving health, it is also necessary to add exposure to certain work stressors, such as burnout. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the confinement situation caused by COVID-19 on the levels of self-perceived health and psychological capital in a sample of workers, as well as to analyze whether exposure to burnout before social isolation would help to explain the levels of health and psychological capital. METHODS: Data were collected in a longitudinal design. Time 1 surveys (December 2019) were sent to a sample of 354 Spanish workers while in Time 2 (April 2020) the employees completed 235 questionnaires. RESULTS: Our findings indicate a significant worsening of employees' health perception (t = -4.13; p < 0.01) and psychological capital (4.10, p < 0.01) levels during mandatory confinement in Spain. Our results also revealed that emotional exhaustion is the only burnout dimension capable of explaining the variance of health while self-efficacy does regarding psychological capital. CONCLUSION: We conclude a significant reduction in self-perceived health and psychological capital during COVID-19 mandatory confinement, and that burnout acts as a predictor variable in both health and psychological capital variance.
Burnout, Professional , COVID-19/psychology , Pandemics , Social Isolation , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Humans , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires
Job search seems to be a daunting task for youngsters in the Spanish labor market, unfortunately so given that it is the best predictor of getting a job even during economic crisis. Accordingly, it is vitally important to find resources that promote youngsters' job search. The present study examines the effect of psychological capital on job search through perceived employability in a sample of Spanish unemployed youngsters. We analyzed data of 568 Spanish unemployed youngsters aged 16-29 years using structural equation modeling. Results showed that unemployed youngsters who possess high levels of psychological capital also perceive more control over job search which is directly connected with their job search intention. Surprisingly, analyses also showed that perceived employability is not an antecedent of job search. Instead, psychological capital seems to be a more beneficial resource for keeping unemployed youngsters engaged in job search in an adverse economic context.
La investigación realizada sobre Burnout ha mostrado de manera reiterada que es un síndrome presente en el contexto laboral con graves consecuencias para la salud del trabajador. De manera reciente, se ha propuesto la teoría de la conservación de Recursos de Hobfoll como un marco teórico válido para explicar la relación del Burnout con otras variables. Sin embargo, los estudios que proponen medidas eficaces para reducir los niveles de exposición al Burnout son escasos. El capital psicológico ha sido propuesto como una variable que podría ayudar a prevenir o disminuir los efectos de estresores de diversa índole sobre la salud de los trabajadores. Investigaciones previas han relacionado al capital psicológico de manera negativa y significativa con el Burnout. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel mediador del capital psicológico en la relación entre las tres dimensiones del Burnout y la salud autopercibida de los trabajadores. La muestra está compuesta por 195 trabajadores españoles de distintos sectores de actividad. Los resultados muestran, por un lado, una asociación negativa y significativa de las tres dimensiones del Burnout con la salud autopercibida, y, por otro lado, una relación mediadora del capital psicológico entre las tres dimensiones del Burnout y la salud autopercibida de los trabajadores. Para finalizar, se pone de manifiesto la importancia de los recursos psicológicos personales para reducir las consecuencias negativas del Burnout en el bienestar de los empleados.
Previous Burnout research has repeatedly shown it as a workplace syndrome with serious consequences for employees' health and wellbeing. Recently Hobfoll's Conservation or Resources Theory has been proposed as a valid theoretical framework to explain the relationship of Burnout with other variables. However, the presence of effective measures to reduce Burnout exposure levels is scarce. Psychological capital has been proposed as a variable that could help prevent or reduce the effects of various kind of stressors on workers' health. Previous empirical evidence has argued that psychological capital is related in a negative and significant way to Burnout. The objective of this work is to analyze the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between the three Burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and lack of self-efficacy) and employees' self-perceived health. For that purpose, the sample is composed of 195 Spanish workers from different economic sectors. The results show, on the one hand, a negative and significant association of the three dimensions of Burnout with self-perceived health, and, on the other hand, a mediating relationship of psychological capital between the three dimensions of Burnout and employees' self-perceived health. Finally, the importance of personal psychological resources to reduce Burnout negative consequences on employees' well-being is highlighted
Humans , Syndrome , Workplace , Research , Work , Occupational Health , Impacts of Polution on Health , Burnout, Psychological
Workplace bullying is a serious problem that may arise within any occupation or organisation. Situations of workplace bullying are highly stressful and affect the health of workers who experience them in a negative way. Resilience has beenidentified as an essential capacity to protect people's health. This study focuses on how resilience functions in situations of workplace bullying. By means of questionnaires, information about workplace bullying behaviours, resilience, andpsychological health in a sample of 762 workers was collected. The results show that exposure to bullying behaviours is related to poorer health, and resilience has a mediating role in the relationship between workplace bullying and employees'health. Main findings, limitations, and practical consequences of this study are discussed. The results obtained may serve to assist human resources managers and professionals when they are designing programs aimed at both controlling andpreventing workplace bullying within organisations
Las situaciones de acoso laboral son altamente estresantes y afectan negativamente a la salud de los trabajadores que las perciben. La resiliencia se ha identificado como una capacidad esencial para la protección de la salud de las personas. Este trabajo se centra en cómo actúa la resiliencia en las situaciones de acoso laboral, mediante el análisis de las relaciones y del papel mediador-moderador de la resiliencia entre el acoso laboral y la salud en una muestra de 762 trabajadores españoles. A través de cuestionarios se recogió información sobre conductas de acoso laboral y se evalúo la resiliencia yla salud psicológica autopercibida. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la exposición a conductas de acoso se relaciona con peor salud y que la resiliencia tiene un efecto mediador y no moderador entre el acoso laboral y la salud de los trabajadores. Se discuten los principales hallazgos de esta investigación, las limitaciones y sus implicaciones prácticas. Los resultados obtenidos pueden servir de ayuda a los directivos y profesionales de recursos humanos a la hora de diseñarprogramas que vayan dirigidos tanto al control y prevención de la violencia en las organizaciones como a desarrollar la resiliencia en los trabajadores
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Resilience, Psychological/classification , Bullying/psychology , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Signal Detection, Psychological , Health Status , 16054/psychology , Psychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Disease Prevention , Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics & numerical data
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the role played by resilience in the dimensions that constitute burnout syndrome and, through that, the psychological health of a sample of nurses working at hospital centers. METHODS: Cross-sectional design, with a questionnaire as the tool. The sample consisted of 537 nurses from three public hospitals in Murcia, Spain. The questionnaire contained measures of the following variables: resilience, the three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy), and general psychological health, as well as sociodemographic and employment information. RESULTS: The emotional exhaustion and cynicism dimensions of burnout were significantly linked to psychological health in the manner expected, but this was not the case for professional efficacy. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed the moderating role of resilience on the emotional exhaustion and cynicism dimensions, as well as on psychological health. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study highlights the moderating role of resilience on burnout and psychological health. The practical implications of the results are discussed for the implementation of measures to increase resilience as a personal resource in order to improve the health and work performance of these professionals.
Burnout, Professional , Hospitals, Public/organization & administration , Nurses/psychology , Resilience, Psychological , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Emotions , Employment , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Health , Middle Aged , Models, Organizational , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Work Performance , Young Adult
El objetivo del estudio es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de resiliencia de Connor y Davidson (2003) en su versión reducida de 10 ítems (CD-RISC 10) desarrollada por Campbell-Stills y Stein (2007) y validada al español por Notario-Pacheco et al. (2011) en una muestra de 226 desempleados. Se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) que corroboró el modelo unifactorial. Siguiendo las aportaciones teóricas, se propusieron las variables de salud psicológica, síntomas psicosomáticos y autoeficacia para analizar la validez de criterio. Las correlaciones entre las variables fueron estadísticamente significativas y siguieron la dirección teórica esperada. Se concluye que la versión española de 10 ítems de la CD-RISC de Connor y Davidson (2003) presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para estimar la resiliencia en desempleados españoles.
The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the scale of resilience CD-RISC by Connor and Davidson (2003), in its 10-item version developed by Campbell-Stills and Stein (2007), in a sample of 226 unemployed. We carried out a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) which corroborated the univariate model. Following the theoretical contributions, we proposed psychological health, psychosomatic symptoms and self-efficacy as variables to analyze the criterion validity. The correlations between the variables were statistically significant and followed the expected theoretical direction. We concluded that the Spanish 10-item version of the CDRISC by Connor and Davidson (2003) presents adequate psychometric properties to estimate resilience in Spanish unemployed.
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Adaptation, Psychological , Resilience, Psychological/classification , Psychometrics , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results
Psychological capital is a higher order construct made up of optimism, resilience, hope, and self-efficacy, which has a strong connection with different organizational variables. The aim of this study was to design a measure for assessing psychological capital in the workplace. Two samples of workers were used (N=238; N=338) belonging to Spanish companies from different socioeconomic sectors. Using the results of the first sample, and by means of an exploratory factorial analysis, a scale of 12 items was created. The 12 items included four triplets, each of which matches with one of the elements of psychological capital. The scale was called OREA (due to the names of these concepts in Spanish: Optimismo, Resiliencia, Esperanza, and Autoeficacia - Optimism, Resilience, Hope, and Self-efficacy). This measure was then applied to the second sample, and a structural equation analysis was made in order to contrast a one-factor model with a four-factor model. The latter showed very adequate adjustment values (GFI= .943; CFI= .936; RMSEA= .07). We therefore conclude that the OREA questionnaire is a consistent measure of psychological capital in connection with the theoretical model, and it has sufficient evidence of reliability and validity (AU)
El capital psicológico es un constructor de orden superior formado por cuatro componentes (optimismo, resiliencia, esperanza y autoeficacia) que comprende el desarrollo de aquellas habilidades que tienen un impacto directo en el resultado de distintas variables organizativas. El objetivo de este estudio es el diseño de un cuestionario para evaluar el capital psicológico en el ámbito laboral. Se utilizaron dos muestras de trabajadores (N= 238; N= 338) pertenecientes a empresas de distintos sectores socioeconómicos de la Región de Murcia. Con los resultados de la primera muestra y mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio se confeccionó un cuestionario de 12 ítems, tres por cada una de las facetas del capital psicológico, que se denominó́ OREA (optimismo, resiliencia, esperanza y autoeficacia). A continuación, se aplicó́ el cuestionario a la segunda muestra y se realizó́ un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, en el que el modelo de cuatro factores presentó valores de ajuste muy adecuados (GFI= .943; CFI= .936; RMSEA= .07). Se concluye que el cuestionario OREA presenta una estructura empírica acorde con el modelo teórico, y niveles de fiabilidad y validez adecuados (AU)
Humans , 16054/psychology , Staff Development/organization & administration , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Social Capital , Reinforcement, Psychology , Reproducibility of Results , Models, Theoretical
El objetivo del estudio es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación española de la escala de resiliencia CD-RISC de Connor y Davidson (2003) en su versión de 10 ítems en una muestra multiocupacional. Se utilizaron dos muestras. En la primera completaron esta escala un total de 386 trabajadores y se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio que arrojó un único factor que explica el 55.8% de la varianza total. La consistencia interna de la escala fue adecuada (alfa de Cronbach de 0.87) y la eliminación de ningún ítem mejoraba la Habilidad de la escala. Con el fin de ratificar el modelo obtenido en el AFE, se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio con los datos de la segunda muestra de 238 participantes que corroboró el modelo unifactorial. Para analizar la validez divergente se utilizó los datos de las dos muestras (N = 624); así, las correlaciones con las puntuaciones de las variables burnout, bienestar psicológico y satisfacción laboral fueron estadísticamente significativas y siguieron la dirección teórica esperada. Se concluye que la versión española de 10 ítems de la CD-RISC de Connor y Davidson presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para estimar la resiliencia en trabajadores.
The aim of the study is to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the scale of resilience CD-RISC of Connor and Davidson (2003) in the 10-item version in a sample of workers. Two samples were used. In the first sample a total of 386 workers completed this scale. We carry out EFA to observe the factor structure of the scale which resulted in one main factor responsible for 55.8% of the total variance and containing the 10 items. The internal consistency was appropriate (Cronbach's alpha of 0.87). In order to ratify the model obtained in the AFE, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with data from sample 2 (N = 238) which corroborated the univariate model. As for the divergent validity, correlations with scores on the variable burnout, psychological health and job satisfaction were statistically significant and followed the theoretical direction (total sample= 624). It is concluded that the Spanish 10-item version of the CD-RISC by Connor and Davidson (2003) presents adequate psychometric properties to estimate resilience in workers.
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Resilience, Psychological , Psychometrics , Psychology, Positive , Occupational Groups
OBJECTIVE: to understand the episiotomy rate and its relationship with various clinical variables. METHOD: a descriptive, cross-sectional, analytic study of 12,093 births in a tertiary hospital. VARIABLES: Parity, gestational age, start of labor, use of epidural analgesia, oxytocin usage, position during fetal explusion, weight of neonate, and completion of birth. The analysis was performed with SPSS 19.0. RESULTS: the global percentage of episiotomies was 50%. The clinical variables that presented a significant association were primiparity (RR=2.98), gestational age >41 weeks (RR=1.2), augmented or induced labor (RR=1.33), epidural analgesia use (RR=1,95), oxytocin use (RR=1.58), lithotomy position during fetal expulsion (RR=6.4), and instrumentation (RR=1.84). Furthermore, maternal age ≥35 years (RR=0.85) and neonatal weight <2500 g (RR=0.8) were associated with a lower incidence of episiotomy. CONCLUSIONS: episiotomy is dependent on obstetric interventions performed during labor. If we wish to reduce the episiotomy rate, it will be necessary to bear in mind these risk factors when establishing policies for reducing this procedure.
Analgesia, Epidural/statistics & numerical data , Episiotomy/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Maternal Age , Oxytocin/adverse effects , Parity , Pregnancy
Objective: to understand the episiotomy rate and its relationship with various clinical variables. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional, analytic study of 12,093 births in a tertiary hospital. Variables: Parity, gestational age, start of labor, use of epidural analgesia, oxytocin usage, position during fetal explusion, weight of neonate, and completion of birth. The analysis was performed with SPSS 19.0. Results: the global percentage of episiotomies was 50%. The clinical variables that presented a significant association were primiparity (RR=2.98), gestational age >41 weeks (RR=1.2), augmented or induced labor (RR=1.33), epidural analgesia use (RR=1,95), oxytocin use (RR=1.58), lithotomy position during fetal expulsion (RR=6.4), and instrumentation (RR=1.84). Furthermore, maternal age ≥35 years (RR=0.85) and neonatal weight <2500 g (RR=0.8) were associated with a lower incidence of episiotomy. Conclusions: episiotomy is dependent on obstetric interventions performed during labor. If we wish to reduce the episiotomy rate, it will be necessary to bear in mind these risk factors when establishing policies for reducing this procedure.
Objetivo: conhecer a taxa de episiotomia e sua relação com diferentes variáveis clínica. Método: e Estudo descritivo, transversal e analítico de 12.093 partos em um hospital terciário. Variáveis: paridade, idade gestacional, início do parto, uso de analgesia epidural, uso de oxitocina, posição durante expulsão do feto, peso do neonato e finalização do parto. A análise foi feita com o SPSS 19.0. Resultados: a porcentagem global de episiotomias foi de 50%. As variáveis clínicas que apresentaram uma associação significativa foram: primiparidade (RR=2,98), idade gestacional > 41 semanas (RR=1,2), início do parto estimulado ou induzido (RR=1,33), uso de analgesia epidural (RR=1,95), uso de ocitocina (RR=1,58), posição de litotomia durante a expulsão fetal (RR=6,4) e instrumentação (RR=1,84). Por outro lado, idade materna ≥ 35 anos (RR=0.85) e peso do neonato < 2500 g (RR=0,8) estão associados a uma menor incidência de episiotomia. Conclusões: a episiotomia depende de intervenções obstétricas feitas durante o parto. Se desejarmos reduzir a taxa de episiotomia, será necessário manter em mente esses fatores de risco para estabelecer políticas para reduzir esse procedimento.
Objetivo: conocer la tasa de episiotomía y su relación con distintas variables clínicas. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico, de 12.093 partos en un hospital de tercer nivel. Las variables fueron: paridad, edad gestacional, inicio del parto, uso de analgesia epidural, uso de oxitocina, posición durante la expulsión fetal, peso del recién nacido y finalización del parto. El análisis se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS 19.0. Resultados: el porcentaje global de episiotomías fue de 50%. Las variables clínicas que presentaron una asociación significativa fueron: primiparidad (RR=2,98), edad gestacional > 41 semanas (RR=1,2), inicio del parto estimulado o inducido (RR= 1,33), uso de analgesia epidural (RR=1,95), uso de oxitocina (RR=1,58), posición de litotomía durante la expulsión fetal (RR=6,4) e instrumentación (RR=1,84). Por otra parte, la edad materna fue ≥35 años (RR=0,85) y el peso del recién nacido < 2500g. (RR=0,8), se asociaron con una menor incidencia de episiotomía. Conclusiones: la episiotomía estuvo condicionada por las intervenciones obstétricas que se realizaron durante el desarrollo del parto. Si deseamos reducir la tasa de episiotomía será necesario tener en cuenta los factores de riesgo para establecer políticas de reducción de este procedimiento.
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Analgesia, Epidural/statistics & numerical data , Episiotomy/statistics & numerical data , Parity , Oxytocin/adverse effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Gestational Age , Maternal Age
La satisfacción laboral en los servicios de salud está implicada en la calidad asistencial, de ahí la importancia de su medición en los trabajadores de las instituciones sanitarias. El objetivo fue explorar y analizar el fenómeno de la satisfacción laboral en una muestra constituida por 546 profesionales sanitarios pertenecientes a un Hospital Universitario público. Se administró un cuestionario general que contenía un conjunto de preguntas de contenido sociodemográfico y se utilizó la Escala General de Satisfacción (Overall Job Satisfacción) adaptada y validada al castellano. Los resultados del estudio reflejan una satisfacción general media (M = 71.37; DT = 14.03), los compañeros de trabajo y el superior inmediato son los aspectos mejor evaluados. Los principales hallazgos reflejan diferencias importantes en los distintos niveles de satisfacción atendiendo a la categoría profesional, siendo los grupos de gestión y los médicos residentes lo más satisfechos, mientras que los facultativos especialistas de área, profesionales de enfermería y auxiliares de enfermería manifiestan niveles de satisfacción más reducidos
Job satisfaction in health services is measured by the quality of care provided, hence the importance of surveying the workers of health institutions. The objective was to explore and analyze the phenomenon of the satisfaction of working in a sample made up of 546 health professionals belonging to a public University Hospital. Both a socio-demographic questionnaire and General Scale of Satisfaction (Overall Job Satisfacción) that were both validated in Spanish were given to the participants. The results of general satisfaction showed a mean of 71.37 (SD = 14.03). The subscales with better results were: colleagues and immediate superior. There were important differences in satisfaction scores between the different professional categories. The higher levels of general satisfaction were found in hospital management groups and resident doctors, while the lower levels of general satisfaction were found in medical area specialists, nurses and auxiliary nurses
Humans , Job Satisfaction , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Health Personnel/psychology , Hospitals, University , 16360
OBJETIVO: Analizar la relación de distintas variables asociadas con la duración de la incapacidad temporal por contingencia común (ITCC) y determinar su grado de efecto. DISEÑO: Retrospectivo, descriptivo. Emplazamiento: España. PARTICIPANTES: 598.988 procesos de ITCC del total de trabajadores del Régimen General protegidos en una Mutua de Accidentes de Trabajo y Enfermedades Profesionales durante el periodo de 2005 a 2010. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: Se analizó la asociación entre las características demográficas, laborales, organizativas y del entorno y la duración mediana de la ITCC, indicando los valores p de cada prueba, y se estimó el índice del tamaño del efecto (d) para comprobar la relevancia de dicha relación, empleando el coeficiente de correlación de pearson (rxy), eta cuadrado (2) y V de Cramer (V). RESULTADOS: La duración mediana de la ITCC fue de 32 días. Se constatan relaciones significativas con la edad, género, nacionalidad, antigüedad en la empresa; salario, tipo de contrato; sector, actividad, y tamaño empresa y región. Así, se encuentra una mayor duración de las bajas en los trabajadores de grandes empresas, mujeres, con nacionalidad española y que trabajan en actividades agrarias, sanitarias, administración y hostelería. La edad además ejerce un efecto considerable (rxy = 0,134) en la duración de las bajas, sobre todo a partir de 44 años. CONCLUSIONES: Tan solo la edad mostró evidencias de un efecto considerable sobre la duración de la ITCC, aun cuando también se relacionó con el resto de características demográficas, laborales, organizativas y del entorno. Además se evidenció la existencia de efectos cruzados entre variables que pueden provocar ocasionalmente errores en la interpretación de los resultados
OBJECTIVES: This study examines the relationship, and relevance of the effect between the duration of the cases of temporary sick leave, as an indicator of absenteeism, and several characteristics (sociodemographic, labor, organizational and the environment) of workers covered by the Social Security System in Spain. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 598,988 processes, between 15 and 365 days. The relationships between length of absence, and several characteristics such as demographic, sociodemographic, occupational, organizational and environment characteristicswere determined (using P values). The mean duration for each of the features is described, and the size effect is calculated to estimate the importance of the relationships found. RESULTS: There were significant relationships between the duration of temporary sick leave and several demographic characteristics (gender, age, nationality and length of service), occupational (wages, type of contract), organizational (economic sector, activity and size company), the environmental (region, state) characteristics. The age also showed a significant size effect (rxy = .134), especially after age 44. CONCLUSIONS: Only age had a significance effect on the duration of work absence, although there was also a relationship with the rest of the demographic, occupational and work environment characteristics. There was also evidence of a cross-effects between the variables, which could cause errors in interpreting the results
Humans , Male , Female , Occupational Diseases/classification , Occupational Diseases/complications , Sick Leave/classification , Sick Leave/history , Public Health/ethics , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Occupational Diseases/psychology , Sick Leave/legislation & jurisprudence , Sick Leave/economics , Public Health/economics , Spain/ethnology
OBJECTIVES: This study examines the relationship, and relevance of the effect between the duration of the cases of temporary sick leave, as an indicator of absenteeism, and several characteristics (sociodemographic, labor, organizational and the environment) of workers covered by the Social Security System in Spain. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 598,988 processes, between 15 and 365days. The relationships between length of absence, and several characteristics such as demographic, sociodemographic, occupational, organizational and environment characteristics were determined (using P values). The mean duration for each of the features is described, and the size effect is calculated to estimate the importance of the relationships found. RESULTS: There were significant relationships between the duration of temporary sick leave and several demographic characteristics (gender, age, nationality and length of service), occupational (wages, type of contract), organizational (economic sector, activity and size company), the environmental (region, state) characteristics. The age also showed a significant size effect (rxy=.134), especially after age 44. CONCLUSIONS: Only age had a significance effect on the duration of work absence, although there was also a relationship with the rest of the demographic, occupational and work environment characteristics. There was also evidence of a cross-effects between the variables, which could cause errors in interpreting the results.
Sick Leave/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupations , Organizations , Retrospective Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain , Time Factors , Young Adult
OBJETIVO: Comprobar el grado de adecuación de la práctica clínica obstétrica a las recomendaciones de la Estrategia de Atención al Parto Normal. Personas, material y método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, de la actividad obstétrica de 12.093 mujeres durante el proceso de parto (en los años 2011 y 2012) en el Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (Murcia). Las variables estudiadas fueron: paridad, edad gestacional, inicio del parto, utilización de analgesia epidural, uso de oxitocina, posición durante la etapa de expulsión fetal, peso del recién nacido y finalización del parto. RESULTADOS: Se observa una adecuación de la práctica clínica a las recomendaciones de la Estrategia de Atención al Parto Normal en la tendencia a disminuir las siguientes practicas: el rasurado perineal (13%), el uso de enemas (7%) y el número de cesáreas urgentes (11,38%). Asimismo, se constata una tendencia a aumentar el acompañamiento al parto (88,7%), la monitorización continua (99%), la ingesta de líquidos intraparto (34,8%), el número de partos vaginales tras cesárea previa (93,1%) y el porcentaje de epidural (77%). El resto de variables estudiadas (realización de amniotomia y partos instrumentados) se mantienen sin cambios. CONCLUSIONES: Las recomendaciones de la Estrategia no se siguen en su totalidad. Se han identificado puntos de mejora. Es necesario desarrollar políticas que permitan reducir los procedimientos desaconsejados por el Ministerio de Sanidad, así como reforzar la formación del equipo interdisciplinar
OBJECTIVE: The aim is to check the adaption of the obstetric clinical practise and the recommendations of the Strategy Normal Birth Care. Persons, material and methods: This has been a descriptive, transversal and analytical study of the obstetrical activity of 12,093 childbirths which took place between 2011 and 2012 in the Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (Murcia). The studied variables were: parity, gestational age, onset of labor, use of epidural analgesia, use of oxytocin, stage position during fetal expulsion, new-born weight and type of delivery (eutocic, implemented or cesarean). RESULTS: The clinical appropriateness of the recommendations of the Strategy Normal Birth Care presents a tendency to decrease in the following practises: perineal saving (13%), the use of enemas (7%) and the number of emergency caesareans (11.38%). Likewise, some practices have also had a tendency to increase: accompaniment of childbirth (88.7%), continuous monitoring (99%), intrapartum fluid intake (34.8%), the number of vaginal births after cesarean (93.1%) and the number of women with epidural (77%). There has not been any variation in the remaining studied variables (amniotomy and performing instrumental births). CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations of the Strategy are not followed entirely. Some points of improvement have been identified. It will be necessary to develop some reduction policies of procedure advised against by the Ministry, and to reinforce the interdisciplinary team training
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Delivery, Obstetric/methods , Hospitals, Maternity/organization & administration , Clinical Protocols , Midwifery/trends , Obstetric Surgical Procedures , Episiotomy , 24960 , Enema , Hair Removal , Pain Management/methods
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el modo en el que las competencias genéricas que recoge el modelo de Bartram pueden ser indicativas del desempeño en el puesto de trabajo en una muestra de 95 trabajadores, 56 hombres y 39 mujeres del sector de casinos. Se formó a un miembro de la organización de estudio para que realizase la evaluación del nivel de desarrollo de las competencias de cada trabajador, y se administró un cuestionario a todos los superiores y responsables de equipo con el fin de que puntuaran el desempeño laboral de los empleados a su cargo. Después de analizar los datos obtenidos, se puede destacar que mediante un análisis de correlación canónica aparece que el conjunto de competencias evaluadas es un buen predictor del desempeño contextual y en menor medida del desempeño de tarea. Dicho modelo se puede reducir a cinco destrezas básicas, entre las que sobresale el valor pronóstico de la capacidad de Trabajo en equipo.
The aim of this study was to analyse whether the Bartram's model of Greit Competencies could predict the job performance. A sample of 95 workers, 56 men and 39 women, from the casinos sector was used. A member of this gambling company was trained to evaluate workers' levels of competency. Moreover, a questionnaire was administered to managers and supervisors in order to evaluate the staff performance. After analysing the data using canonical regression, the results showed that the set of Bartram's competencies is a good predictor for contextual performance and it is less relevant for task performance. This model could be reduced to five basic competencies, highlighting teamwork skills.
Professional Competence , Psychology , Spain
El acoso psicológico en el trabajo (mobbing o workplace bullying) ocasiona graves consecuencias tanto para la salud de los trabajadores como para el funcionamiento de las organizaciones, de este hecho deriva la necesidad de proponer instrumentos de medida adaptados a sectores concretos que ayuden a su detección. El propósito central de este trabajo es la validación del cuestionario de mobbing Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ; Einarsen & Raknes, 1997), en una muestra española de 638 trabajadores pertenecientes a organizaciones del sector hortofrutícola. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio indican una estructura factorial confirmatorio indican una estructura factorial de dos factores, coherente con la propuesta de Einarsen y Hoel (2001) de dos categorías de acoso: predatory bullying y work related bylllying. Además, el NAQ refleja una adecuada fiabilidad y validez para que pueda ser utilizado como indicador del mobbing en las organizaciones españolas del sector hortofrutícola (AU)
Mobbing or workplace bullying generates severe consequences for worker´s health and the organization itself. It is there fore important to provide assessment instruments tailored to detect mobbing in specific sectors. The central purpose of this study is the validation of the Negative Acts Questionnarire (NAQ; Einarsen & Raknes, 1997) in a Spanish sample of 638 workers belonging to the horticulture sector. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated two factors, consistent with those proposed by Einarsen and Hoel (2001), referring to the two broad categories of harassment: predatory bullying and work related bullying. Finally, the NAQ reflects suitable reliability and validity. Hence, it may be used as an estimate of mobbing in Spanish organizations operating in the horticulture sector (AU)
Humans , Bullying/psychology , Hostility , Social Behavior , 16359 , Surveys and Questionnaires
In this work, we analyze various consequences of the phenomenon of mobbing on the health of a work sector with special characteristics: the agro fruit sector. For this purpose, we collected data from a sample of 396 workers (61 men and 331 women) belonging to this sector in the Region of Murcia (Spain). A questionnaire with the following measurement instruments was administered: a Spanish adaptation of the revised Negative Acts Questionnaire (Sáez, García, & Llor, 2003), the Psychosomatic Problems Questionnaire (Hock, 1988), and a measure of absenteeism. The results revealed a significant and positive relation between workplace mobbing and psychosomatic symptoms, but not with absenteeism. The implications of the results for future research are discussed.
Aggression/psychology , Hostility , Occupational Diseases/psychology , Somatoform Disorders/psychology , Workplace , Absenteeism , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Hierarchy, Social , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data , Psychometrics , Sex Factors , Social Behavior , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , Spain
In this work, we analyze various consequences of the phenomenon of mobbing on the health of a work sector with special characteristics: the agro fruit sector. For this purpose, we collected data from a sample of 396 workers (61 men and 331 women) belonging to this sector in the Region of Murcia (Spain). A questionnaire with the following measurement instruments was administered: a Spanish adaptation of the revised Negative Acts Questionnaire (Sáez, García, & Llor, 2003), the Psychosomatic Problems Questionnaire(Hock, 1988), and a measure of absenteeism. The results revealed a significant and positive relation between workplace mobbing and psychosomatic symptoms, but not with absenteeism. The implications of the results for future research are discussed (AU)
En el presente trabajo analizamos distintas consecuencias del fenómeno del mobbing en el trabajo en un sector con características especiales como es el hortofrutícola. Para ello recogemos los datos de una muestra de 396 trabajadores (61 hombres y 331 mujeres) pertenecientes a este sector en la Región de Murcia. Se administró un cuestionario con los siguientes instrumentos de medida: NAQ-RE (Sáez, García y Llor, 2003), CPP (Hock,1988) y una medida de absentismo. Los resultados indican la existencia de una relación significativa y positiva entre mobbing en el trabajo y síntomas psicosomáticos, pero no con el absentismo. Se discuten las implicaciones que para la investigación futura tienen los resultados obtenidos (AU)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Social Behavior , Rural Population , Absenteeism , Psychophysiologic Disorders/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires
En el presente trabajo analizamos la incidencia, componentes y origen del mobbing en el trabajo en el sector hortofrutícola. Se administró un cuestionario anónimo a todos los empleados (n=396) que asistieron al trabajo el día de la evaluación pertenecientes a empresas de dicho sector hortofrutícola. En este cuestionario se incluyó como medida del mobbing la escala NAQ-RE (Einarsen y Hoel, 2001) y otras variables. Los resultados indican que la tasa de incidencia del mobbing es muy alta (28%), que el mobbing no es un constructo único, y que el principal origen del mismo proviene de los superiores. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la teoría y la investigación futura
This article addressed prevalence, components an the source of workplace mobbing in a firm included in the agrofurit sector which has special characteristics. An anonymous questionnaire was administrated to a sample of workers employeed in organizations of this sector in Murcia (n = 396) which included a mobbing measure NAQ-RE (Einarsen y Hoel, 2001) and other measures. The results showed a wide prevalence rate of workplace mobbing (28%), workplace mobbing appears as a single construct, and supervisors as prior source of workplace mobbing. The consequences of these results for future theory and research are discussed
Humans , Social Behavior , Hostility , 16360 , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Aggression/psychology , Labor Relations , Self Concept
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el modo en que distintos factores de riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo pueden ser indicativos del mobbing en una muestra de 638 trabajadores, 168 hombres y 470 mujeres del sector hortofrutícola. Se administró un cuestionario anónimo a todos los empleados que estaban presentes en las empresas que componen la muestra el día de la evaluación de riesgos psicosociales. Después de analizar los datos proporcionados por la escala de mobbing NAQ-RE (Sáez, García-Izquierdo, y Llor, 2003), y por los del método de evaluación de factores de riesgo psicosocial del INSHT (Martín y Pérez, 1997), podemos destacar que mediante un análisis de correlación canónica aparece que ciertos factores psicosociales como definición de rol, carga mental, interés por el trabajador y supervisión / participación, predicen dos de las formas de mobbing: acoso personal y acoso centrado en el rendimiento del trabajo
This work analyses the way in which va-rious psychosocial risk indicators may predict mobbing. A sample of 638 workers, 168 men and 470 women, from the fruit-and-vegetable sector was evaluated. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to all employees who were present on the evaluation days in the companies comprising the study. After analysing the data obtained with the mobbing questionnaire NAQ-RE (Sáez, García-Izquierdo, & Llor, 2003) and with the psychosocial risk factors evaluation method of the INSHT (Martín & Pérez, 1997), using canonical regression, we found that several psychosocial factors such as role definition, mental workload, interest in the workers, and supervision / participation predict two types of mobbing: personal mobbing and work-performance-related mobbing
Male , Female , Humans , Social Behavior , Aggression , Psychosocial Deprivation , Surveys and Questionnaires , 16360 , 16359 , Risk Factors , Predictive Value of Tests
